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03 · Culture Library

Every people, one human library.

The peoples of the world, their languages, philosophies, food, history and heritage. Humanity speaks about 7,000 languages grouped in more than 140 families.

Sources in every card · References

Every people, one human library

01Peoples of the world

244 peoples, 58 language families.

Humanity speaks about 7,000 languages grouped in more than 140 families. Every people names the world in its own way; together they are one human library. The map shows a sample of peoples and the schematic regions of their language families. Press “Map” on a family to see its peoples and its region.

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Fly through the peoples: press ▶ to fly

Indo-European37

  • Hindustani
  • Persian
  • Bengali
  • Russian
  • Celtic peoples
  • Romance peoples
  • Pashtun
  • Kurds
  • Ancient Celts (ancient)
  • Gauls (ancient)
  • Britons (ancient)
  • Irish
  • Welsh
  • Bretons
  • Scots
  • Norse (Vikings, ancient)
  • Germanic peoples
  • Ancient Greeks (ancient)
  • Romans (ancient)
  • Slavs
  • Lithuanians
  • Albanians
  • Armenians
  • Roma
  • Picts (ancient)
  • Hittites (ancient)
  • Persians (Achaemenid, ancient)
  • Scythians (ancient)
  • Tajik
  • Baloch
  • Sogdians (ancient)
  • Punjabi
  • Marathi
  • Gujarati
  • Sinhalese
  • Nepali
  • Métis

Austronesian24

  • Malay
  • Javanese
  • Filipino peoples
  • Māori
  • Hawaiian (Kānaka Maoli)
  • Malagasy
  • Samoan
  • Dayak
  • Batak
  • Balinese
  • Bugis
  • Tagalog
  • Igorot
  • Taiwanese peoples (Amis)
  • Cham
  • Fijians
  • Tongans
  • Tahitians
  • Rapa Nui
  • Chamorro
  • Ni-Vanuatu
  • Marshallese
  • Kanak
  • Lapita (ancient)

Niger–Congo24

  • Yoruba
  • Zulu
  • Swahili
  • Igbo
  • Akan
  • Wolof
  • Kongo
  • Xhosa
  • Shona
  • Kikuyu
  • Luba
  • Fula
  • Mandinka
  • Ewe
  • Fang
  • Ganda
  • Sotho
  • Tswana
  • Bemba
  • Herero
  • Dogon
  • Mossi
  • Ashanti
  • Baka

Afro-Asiatic18

  • Amazigh (Berber)
  • Amhara
  • Somali
  • Hausa
  • Arab peoples
  • Oromo
  • Tuareg
  • Tigrinya
  • Afar
  • Beja
  • Copts
  • Ancient Egyptians (ancient)
  • Akkadians (ancient)
  • Babylonians (ancient)
  • Phoenicians (ancient)
  • Hebrews
  • Assyrians
  • Bedouin

Nilo-Saharan10

  • Maasai
  • Kanuri
  • Dinka
  • Mbuti
  • Nubians
  • Kingdom of Kush (ancient)
  • Nuer
  • Luo
  • Turkana
  • Songhai

Sino-Tibetan9

  • Han
  • Tibetan
  • Burmese (Bamar)
  • Newar
  • Bhutia
  • Naga
  • Yi
  • Shang dynasty (ancient)
  • Karen

Austroasiatic8

  • Khmer
  • Vietnamese (Kinh)
  • Santal
  • Khasi
  • Munda
  • Khmer Empire (ancient)
  • Mon
  • Orang Asli

Turkic7

  • Turkish
  • Kazakh
  • Uyghur
  • Yakut (Sakha)
  • Uzbek
  • Turkmen
  • Kyrgyz

Uto-Aztecan7

  • Nahua
  • Hopi
  • Wixárika (Huichol)
  • Pueblo peoples
  • Comanche
  • Shoshone
  • Mexica (Aztec, ancient)

Pama–Nyungan6

  • Yolŋu
  • Warlpiri
  • Noongar
  • Torres Strait Islanders
  • Arrernte
  • Pitjantjatjara

Unclassified6

  • Minoans (ancient)
  • Indus Valley people (ancient)
  • Cahokians (Mississippian, ancient)
  • Ancestral Puebloans (ancient)
  • Moche (ancient)
  • Nazca (ancient)

Uralic6

  • Sámi
  • Finnish
  • Hungarian
  • Estonians
  • Komi
  • Nenets

Dravidian5

  • Tamil
  • Telugu
  • Kannada
  • Malayali
  • Gond

Arawakan4

  • Garifuna
  • Taíno (ancient)
  • Wayuu
  • Asháninka

Eskimo–Aleut4

  • Inuit
  • Kalaallit (Greenlanders)
  • Yup'ik
  • Aleut

Mayan4

  • Maya (Yucatec)
  • K'iche'
  • Classic Maya (ancient)
  • Tzotzil

Na-Dene4

  • Diné (Navajo)
  • Dene
  • Apache
  • Tlingit

Algic3

  • Cree
  • Ojibwe
  • Mi'kmaq

Chibchan3

  • Kuna (Guna)
  • Muisca (ancient)
  • Kogi

Khoe–Kwadi3

  • San
  • Hadza
  • Khoekhoe

Oto-Manguean3

  • Zapotec
  • Mixtec
  • Otomí

Tai–Kadai3

  • Thai
  • Lao
  • Zhuang

Trans–New Guinea3

  • Huli
  • Dani
  • Enga

Aymaran2

  • Aymara
  • Tiwanaku (ancient)

Chicham2

  • Shuar
  • Awajún

Iroquoian2

  • Cherokee
  • Haudenosaunee (Iroquois)

Japonic2

  • Japanese
  • Ryukyuan

Macro-Jê2

  • Kayapó
  • Xavante

Quechuan2

  • Quechua
  • Inca (ancient)

Tungusic2

  • Manchu
  • Evenki

Tupian2

  • Guaraní
  • Tupinambá

Ainu (isolate)1

  • Ainu

Andamanese1

  • Andamanese

Araucanian1

  • Mapuche

Basque (isolate)1

  • Basque

Chonan1

  • Selk'nam

Chukotko-Kamchatkan1

  • Chukchi

Haida (isolate)1

  • Haida

Hmong–Mien1

  • Hmong

Iberian (isolate)1

  • Iberians (ancient)

Kartvelian1

  • Georgian

Koreanic1

  • Korean

Lencan1

  • Lenca

Matacoan1

  • Wichí

Misumalpan1

  • Miskito

Mixe-Zoque1

  • Olmec (ancient)

Mongolic1

  • Mongol

Muskogean1

  • Seminole

Purépecha (isolate)1

  • Purépecha

Siouan1

  • Lakota

Sumerian (isolate)1

  • Sumerians (ancient)

Tasmanian1

  • Aboriginal Tasmanians

Ticuna (isolate)1

  • Tikuna

Totonac-Tepehua1

  • Totonac

Tyrsenian1

  • Etruscans (ancient)

Uru-Chipaya1

  • Uros

Wakashan1

  • Kwakwakaʼwakw

Yanomaman1

  • Yanomami

02World Gastronomy

The table of humanity.

Ten foods that every people shares. All the gastronomy of the three libraries →

Food

Bread

Fertile Crescent · the world

Wheat and fire: one of humanity's oldest foods.

Ask the librarian

Food

Tortilla

Mesoamerica

Nixtamalized maize: the base of traditional Mexican cuisine (UNESCO 2010).

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Dish

Couscous

Maghreb

Shared knowledge of the Maghreb (UNESCO 2020).

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Dish

Kimchi

Korea

Kimjang, the making and sharing of kimchi (UNESCO).

Ask the librarian

Food

Injera

Ethiopia and Eritrea

Fermented teff flatbread shared from one plate.

Ask the librarian

Dish

Neapolitan pizza

Naples, Italy

The art of the pizzaiuolo (UNESCO 2017).

Ask the librarian

Drink

Cacao

Mesoamerica · the world

The drink of the gods became the world's chocolate.

Ask the librarian

Drink

Tea

China · the world

Traditional tea processing of China (UNESCO 2022).

Ask the librarian

03World Philosophy

Ten ways to understand the world.

Philosophies and cosmovisions of every continent, in their own words.

Philosophy

Ubuntu

I am because we are

Ethics of shared humanity from southern Africa.

Ask the librarian

Philosophy

Dao

The way

Chinese thought of the natural order that flows through all.

Ask the librarian

Philosophy

Dharma

Cosmic order and duty

Right living in the traditions of India.

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Cosmovision

Sumak kawsay

Good living

Andean harmony between people and Pachamama.

Ask the librarian

Cosmovision

Mitákuye oyás'iŋ

All my relatives

Lakota words of kinship with all beings.

Ask the librarian

Philosophy

Ma'at

Truth, balance, order

The ancient Egyptian principle of harmony.

Ask the librarian

Philosophy

Logos

Reason, word

Greek idea of the order that makes the world knowable.

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Philosophy

Wabi-sabi

Beauty of the imperfect

Japanese aesthetics of impermanence.

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Philosophy

Aloha

Love, compassion, breath of life

Hawaiian way of living with others and the land.

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Cosmovision

The Dreaming

Law of the land

Aboriginal Australian knowledge of creation and country.

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04Codices & Books

The memory of every people.

Clay tablets, palm leaves, bark paper, parchment and paper: the books in which every people kept its memory, its sciences and its sacred words.

Book

Epic of Gilgamesh

British Museum, London

Mesopotamian epic on clay tablets, among the oldest great works of literature.

Ask the librarian

Book

Rigveda

Bhandarkar Institute, Pune

Ancient Sanskrit hymns; its manuscripts are in UNESCO's Memory of the World.

Ask the librarian

Book

Diamond Sutra

British Library, London

Printed in 868: the oldest dated printed book.

Ask the librarian

Book

Dead Sea Scrolls

Israel Museum, Jerusalem

Manuscripts more than 2,000 years old found at Qumran.

Ask the librarian

Book

Popol Vuh

Newberry Library, Chicago

The K'iche' Maya book of creation.

Ask the librarian

Codex

Codex Borgia

Vatican Library

Painted Mesoamerican book of the count of days.

Ask the librarian

Codex

Book of Kells

Trinity College, Dublin

Illuminated Gospels made about the year 800.

Ask the librarian

Book

Timbuktu manuscripts

Ahmed Baba Institute, Timbuktu

Centuries of science, law and poetry of West Africa.

Ask the librarian

Book

Tale of Genji

Japan

Murasaki Shikibu's novel of the Heian court, about 1010.

Ask the librarian

Book

Gutenberg Bible

Library of Congress and others

The first major book printed with movable metal type in Europe, about 1455.

Ask the librarian

05Words of culture

The terms of the library.

Every concept is a term, connected, in every language, with its sources.

Language family
Languages that descend from one common ancestor.
Original peoples
Peoples who keep the original, ancient or natural knowledge of their lands.
NEOLEDGE
The knowledge NEO shares, generates, organizes and spreads: every concept a term, connected, in every language, with its sources.

Two ways to build it

Contribute, or hire the agency.

NEO Library lives on two things only: contributions and the clients of Agency NEO Library. Both keep knowledge open and never for sale.

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